Download and Print Periodic Tables

The Mistakes of the Brilliant General, Napoleon Bonaparte...

The assumption held by many that Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant general and an exceptional leader is debatable when the Frenchman’s many mistakes are revealed. Bonaparte was born to a wealthy family with previous political connections (Wilde 1). He entered a military academy at only nine years old and entered the French Army Artillery Regiment seven years later (Wilde 1). As Bonaparte moved up in the military ranks, he made himself known with his political opinions and his successful leadership of the revolutionaries’ armed forces (Wilde 1). As he became more famous, Bonaparte threw open the gates to his path to power. Thus began the era of Napoleon, a time of absolute power, vast reform, and relentless military invasions led by a†¦show more content†¦His plan backfired, and the French were pinned down in Egypt by the powerful British admiral Horiato Nelson, which led to Napoleon crawling back to France licking his wounds (McDougal, 584). Due to the p ublic’s ignorance towards this defeat, Napoleon’s public image vastly improved, and his gain in power started to lead to totalitarianism. When the Directory began to lose political popularity with the common folk, Napoleon led an overthrow of the government (McDougal, 584). The aftermath of the coup seemed to be flawless; peace had come to Europe for the first time in ten years, and Napoleon, the most powerful public figure in France, could now focus on re-strengthening France (McDougal, 585). However, the countries of Britain, Austria, and Russia were forming the Second Coalition, an alliance with the intent to stop Napoleon, behind the scenes of France’s post-victory glory (McDougal, 585). Napoleon soon held a plebiscite, or a vote by the people, which made himself emperor and bestowed total power upon him (McDougal, 585). As the years passed, Napoleon made many fatal military mistakes that led to the collapse of his empire and the defiling of the French Revolution’s legacy. These mistakes were terminal in three main campaigns, the Battle of Trafalgar, the Peninsular War, and the invasion attempt on Russia (Wilde, 2). The battle of Trafalgar was Napoleon’s attempt to invade Britain (McDougal, 587). Napoleon’s specialty was landShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution: Napoleon Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagescountry. Napoleon Bonaparte, one of the greatest military leaders and Emperor of France, was born on August 15, 1769 in Corsica. Even though his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, his family was in fact not wealthy. Napoleon was affiliated with the Jacobins, a group greatly supporting democracy. In November 1799, Napoleon became first consul and in 1802 he was pronounced consul for life, but later decided to change his title to Emperor of France in 1804. He was a brilliant militaryRead MoreNapoleon s Tactics Of His Empire During His Reign As Emperor1218 Words   |  5 PagesAmbitious. Methodical. Precise. These are some of many words that could describe the strategies that Napoleon used to amplify his empire during his reign as emperor. Arrogant. Exorbitant. Unplanned. These words can also be used to describe some of Napoleon’s warfare strategies. Inspired by other world leaders and empires such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, Napoleon in many ways stood on the shoulders of giants. He saw the possibilities and prospects available to him through conquest andRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte, a Man of War1522 Words   |  7 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte rise to power was because of his strong army he formed and his strategy for winning wars however his fall came when he went to Russia intending to defeat them but lost. Napoleon’s policies were to ensure freedom and equality for the people and to give the people the education they needed. Napoleon Bonaparte was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica, August 15, 1769. He was a small child, and often was teased by his classmates when he was enrolled in military collegeRead MoreEssay Napoleon2888 Words   |  12 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When most people think of Napoleon Bonaparte they think of either a tyrant emperor or a brilliant war strategist. Maybe both are right but in whatever conclusion any person comes to, they will know he was a small man who accomplished many great things. Napoleon conquered countries and developed a mass empire, which led to his celebrity like fame. He was a man that respected cultures and every religion and even cried when his men died on the battlefield. Bonaparte was an amazing person who droveRead MoreNapoleons Rise to Power1786 Words   |  8 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica, August 15, 1769. His family consisted of his father, a lawyer and member of the Nobility, his mother, his si ster and his seven brothers. He was a small child, and often was teased by his classmates when he was enrolled in military college at a very early age in 1777, and it is believed that this influenced the determination he had to win later in life. Later, he went to Ecole Militaire from 1784 to 1785. Also in 1785, his father diedRead MoreThe French Defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleons Lack of Judgment2731 Words   |  11 PagesThe French Defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and Napoleons Lack of Judgment After abdicating to the island of Elba Napoleon Bonaparte returned to France to rule the country once again. However after just 100 days ruling he had suffered the final defeat and was aboard a British ship returning to exile once more. He gambled everything on a battle which if he had won wouldve have left in an extremely strong position in Europe and wouldve changed the face of Europe as we knowRead MoreHaitis Independence from France Came at a Cost Essay2624 Words   |  11 Pagesof one of the most strategic generals in history - Napoleon Bonaparte. Since the revolution ended in France, Napoleon could now focus on the revolt of France’s former colony: Haiti. Averting his attention there, he quickly dispatched his brother-in-law and French general Charles Leclerc along with an expeditionary of warships and soldiers to take back Haiti. Also, he secretly gave instructions to restore slavery into the country as well. As strategic as he is, Napoleon fooled L’Ouverture into a trapRead More World War Two Essay example4701 Words   |  19 Pagesthe United States and Congress declared war on Great Britain. On June 25, the French emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte led his army in Europe across the Nieman River into Russia.(1) Although these two events were thousands of kilometers apart they were directly connected t o each other. To some extent, the Americans declared war in protest against measures that were part of Britains effort to defeat Napoleon with the use of blockades. There are many interesting aspects to the War of 1812, including theRead MoreTraits, Behaviors, and Relationships6335 Words   |  26 PagesCHAPTER TWO TRAITS, BEHAVIORS, AND RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER OUTLINE The Trait Approach Behavior Approaches Individualized Leadership In the Lead Jeff Immelt, General Electric Stephen McDonnell, Applegate Farms Colonel Joe D. Dowdy and Major General James Mattis, United States Marine Corps TruServe and North Jackson Elementary School University Public Schools Leader’s Self-Insight Rate Your Self-Confidence What’s Your Leadership Orientation? Your â€Å"LMX† Relationship Read MoreTraits, Behaviors, and Relationships6349 Words   |  26 PagesCHAPTER TWO TRAITS, BEHAVIORS, AND RELATIONSHIPS CHAPTER OUTLINE The Trait Approach Behavior Approaches Individualized Leadership In the Lead Jeff Immelt, General Electric Stephen McDonnell, Applegate Farms Colonel Joe D. Dowdy and Major General James Mattis, United States Marine Corps TruServe and North Jackson Elementary School University Public Schools Leader’s Self-Insight Rate Your Self-Confidence What’s Your Leadership Orientation? Your â€Å"LMX† Relationship Leader’s Bookshelf

The Cause Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(163) " The entire figure of ingestion of bite and sodium carbonate in both states help bespeak teens ‘ state of affairs now at the high hazard in going corpulent\." Today there are about 23 1000000s teens populating in the US. ( Channel one web ) About 43 per centum of those are found to hold 5 repasts or more a twenty-four hours. ( Channel one web ) About tierce have 4 repasts per twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on The Cause Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shockingly, merely about one-fourth consume 3 or less times a twenty-four hours. ( Channel one web ) Between the repasts, many teens choose to hold bites and Sweets instead than fruits. ( E-Medicine Health ) This sort of nutrient contains high-calories with low foods. ( E-Medicine Health ) Therefore, when teens eat this sort of nutrients excessively much than their organic structure demands, the organic structure will hive away the extra fat and over clip it will convey fleshiness to them. ( Suthouchaworawud ) Harmonizing to the USDA ‘s Nationwide Food ingestion, Daily entire energy consumption additions for adolescent misss and male childs by 113 and 243 Calories, severally. Soda ingestion increased dramatically in the early to mid 1990s. 32 per centum of adolescent misss and 52 per centum of adolescent male childs consume three or more eight ounce helpings of soda per twenty-four hours. Soft drink ingestion for stripling male childs has about tripled, from 7 to 22 oz. per twenty-four hours between 1978 and 1994. ( US Department of wellness ) In add-on, some parents and teens sometimes misunderstand about what healthy nutrient is. They are taken in by what the media promote to be a healthy bite. ( Popkin 64-67 ) The media claim that a healthy bite is good for your wellness, unlike, debris bite. ( Popkin 64-67 ) This is wholly incorrect. What media claim to be a healthy bite still contains high Calories and this means it can still assist teens to develop fleshiness. ( Popkin 64-67 ) Siam Thai teens today have a greater hazard of developing fleshiness because of their pick to eat. ( Manager online 174 ) Harmonizing to the statistic of Department of wellness, it shows that 55.7 per centums of teens in Bangkok between ages 12-18 like holding fast nutrient. ( Business Thai ) The most popular fast nutrients are pizza, fried poulet and beefburger. ( Business Thai ) About 35 % drink soda on a regular basis. ( Business Thai ) The alterations in teens ‘ eating wont contribute by alteration in parental function. Today many female parents work outdoors place to assist back up their household. ( Huadsiri 9 ) This means that female parent finally hold less clip to look after their households, particularly, their childs. ( Huadsiri 9 ) As parents have no clip or excessively tired from their work to cook, obviously, it show an increasing figure of households consume pre-cooked repast, street nutrient or fast nutrient either Thai or Western manner, alternatively of homemade re past. ( Huadsiri 9 ) Besides many teens remaining on their ain are more likely to eat out instead than cooking themselves. From my ain experience when I was in high school, I stayed at residence hall on my ain because my school was really far off from place. Most of my repasts there are pre-cooked repasts from outside because it is faster, more convenient and besides salvage my clip to clean up. Doctor Manat Karykul, a bosom onslaught physician and dietician at Rama infirmary, states that people who eat out addition 290 Calories more than eat at place. ( Manager Online ) This is because eating houses use much more oil in their nutrient. ( Manager Online ) Furthermore, oil which is used by eating house is palm oil. As everyone knows palm oil contains high-calories. ( Chunnasawadikun 36 ) Restaurants besides use a batch of sugar to their nutrient so the costumiers receive great sum of sugar from eating out. ( Chunnasawadikun 36 ) But when adolescent or their parents cook at place they can pull off around what stuff they should utilize. ( Manager Online ) Not merely do teens today over consume saccharide and fat, but they besides consume really small of vegetable. ( Bussiness Thai ) Vegetable filled with fibre aid to absorb fat from nutrient and let go of it out before bowel will absorb it into the organic structure. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) Furthermore, fibre besides helps to take fat that shop in the organic structure out to utilize it easy. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) This means that teens who eat really small vegetable can derive weight than teens who do because their organic structures to the full absorb fat into organic structure. ( Chunnasawadikun 40 ) From 1999 to 2004 entire gross revenues for bite in Thailand increased 35.2 per centum. ( Hawkes 47 ) In 2006 Thai teens spent 26 Baht per twenty-four hours on mean purchasing bite or 9,800 Baht per twelvemonth. ( Department of wellness 136 ) This is a large sum of money disbursement on nutrient compared to instruction. ( Department of wellness ) Furthermore, most bites that teens consume are â€Å" extruded bite † which chiefly consist of flour, sugar, Na taking teens to bit by bit develop fleshiness. ( Hawkes 47 ) Tai teens today receive about 23 per centum of energy from bite. ( Hawkes 40 ) Department of Health releases the information that kids age 12-14 have higher per centum in devouring high-energy bites, sugary drink, and high fat nutrient more than any other groups. ( Department of Health ) In decision, both Thailand and the U.S. ‘ feeding wont has been altering overtime in the same way in the manner that lead them to hold more opportunity in developing fleshiness. With both parents have to work outdoors to assist prolong their criterion of life, they have less clip with households. Because of this ground, it helps to explicate why both Thailand and the U.S. , the figure of striplings ‘ eating out has been progressively in late. With eating out, most teens take convenient into consideration in taking their nutrient. Inevitably, both Thai and American teens are more likely to devour fast nutrient, such as, pizza, fried poulet and beefburger – the nutrient that leads them to bit by bit develop obesity- because of its time-saving. Furthermore, teens in both the U.S. and Thailand consume a big sum of bite and sodium carbonate. The entire figure of ingestion of bite and sodium carbonate in both states help bespeak teens ‘ state of affairs now at the high hazard in going corpulent. You read "The Cause Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" B. Physical Activities The US Many research workers conclude that there is an association between stripling ‘s behaviour and their environment. ( University of Florida ) The research workers claim that if the community has a safe park or environment supplying for teens, they are more likely to pass much more clip outside place holding merriment with friends and being more physically active. ( University of Florida ) This thought can back up by Toronto metropolis planning. Toronto provides its citizen an extra of bike lane which leads to the addition of 23 % in motorcycle usage. ( US Department of wellness ) Unfortunately, the environment in most of the metropoliss and suburbs today do non turn out to advance physically active for teens. ( US Department of wellness ) The unfastened countries and public Parkss available in the metropolis are few. ( US Department of wellness ) As a consequence, teens have no safe topographic point to hang out, therefore they stay home. Furthermore, high offense rate, unattende d Canis familiariss and insecure pathway besides maintain teens from out-of-door activities. ( US Department of wellness ) Traffic is another important factor that prevents teens from being physically active such as bicycling or walking. ( US Department of wellness ) Unfortunately, the increasing figure of people who are dead and injured in route accident causes the parents to be more likely to forbid their kids to travel out because they worry about their kids safety. ( University of Florida ) This high rate of accidents can assist to explicate why the figure of pupils walking to school decreased from 20 per centum in 1977 to 12 per centum in 2001. ( US Department of wellness ) The innovation of Television, computing machine games and picture games is besides another of import ground that keeps kids and teens from physical activities. Average striplings today watch Television or utilize computing machine about 3 hours per twenty-four hours. ( E-medicine wellness ) With sitting and watching Television or surfing the cyberspace, this limits their motion utilizing really small energy. ( E-medicine wellness ) Not merely do they utilize less energy, but watching Television and playing computing machine games besides encourages noshing. ( E-medicine wellness ) Furthermore, with working parents, striplings are less likely to take part in after school athleticss because parents worry about their kids ‘s transit to place. ( E-medicine wellness ) This instability between the energy ingestion and the energy disbursal leads teens eventually to go corpulent. ( Suthouchaworawud ) Siam From the study that was conducted at Siam Paragon and Central Pinklao, it shockingly shows that merely 9 per centum exerting more than 1-2 times per work while 24 per centum barely exercising at all. ( Appendix1, 2 ) Many factors contribute why many teens today exercising less. The most popular reply for why striplings today exercising less is because of their indolence which accounted for 50 per centum. ( Appendix1, 2 ) They merely do n’t desire to exert. But this is non an lone ground that keeps teens from being physically active. Harmonizing to my experience, sometimes it has to make with holding no clip every bit good because of busy agenda of tutoring. Many Thai teens today have to travel to tutoring schools after categories and besides during the weekend. Tai pupils start school at 8.30 A.M. and complete at 3.30 P.M. Many of them have to travel for tutoring after school until 8 or 9 P.M. After they finish tutoring, they have to make prep. Even during the weekend, they ha ve to travel for the coachs. This means that they about have no clip to make any other thing else. Technology is besides one of import factor lending to adolescent fleshiness. Harmonizing to the study, 39 % spend their free clip playing computing machine games while merely 12 % playing athleticss. ( Appendix1, 1 ) This shows that today Thai teens spend much more clip in forepart of Television or computing machines than traveling out. This can impact a great trade to their wellness as everyone knows that exerting can maintain his organic structure tantrum. Besides about teens today use private or public transit alternatively of walking or bicycling to school like the yesteryear. ( Tonsurat 12 ) This can non be blamed on teens themselves. Missing of pathway and bike lanes, high offense rate, and busy traffic makes it insecure for teens to walk or bicycle to school. ( Tonsurat 12 ) Furthermore, most teens go to school which it is really far off from place, doing it impossible for them to walk school. ( Tonsurat 12 ) To sum up, teens in both Thailand and the U.S. are now going physically inactive due to many grounds. First ground is to make with engineering. Technology- auto, coach, machine and computer- aid people, particularly, teens to populate lives more convenient and comfy, but, at the clip it is besides destroy their wellness indirectly. They now use labor-saving device, therefore, they spend less energy. Equally good as the innovation of Television and computing machine besides another of import ground to maintain teens of both teens from being physically active. Thai and American teens spend tonss of their clip in forepart of Television or computing machine each twenty-four hours. This non merely does it restrict the motion of teens as they merely sit in one topographic point, but it besides promote noshing. With more energy consumption, but less energy disbursement, teens, necessarily, will go corpulent. Not merely does the engineering affect a great trade on how people live, but enviro nment where teens live besides affect on teens ‘ behaviour. With the aid of engineering to construct up the modern metropolis, unfastened infinites for kids and teens to hang out available become less. Therefore, teens stay home, as reference above, passing their clip in forepart of Television and computing machine. Briefly, by being physically inactive allows a big figure of Thai and American teens now at terrible hazard to be fleshiness in about hereafter. C. Socioeconomic position The US The United State of American, many research workers have found a relation between poorness and fleshiness. ( Kuil 86 ) â€Å" Poverty can greatly impact the manner people eat. † ( Kuil 1 ) A immense sum of hapless people are corpulent instead than scraggy. ( Kuil 1 ) From the statistic, it shows that about 23 per centum of teens who develop fleshiness come from low income households while merely 14 per centum are kids in the better off households. ( Hitti ) Poor people choose to purchase nutrient based on their income instead than quality of nutrient. ( Kuil 1 ) Poor people do non believe about what is healthy or unhealthy nutrient to devour because most of them instead concern if today they will hold something to eat. ( Kuil 1 ) So with their limited income, they are forced to buy cheaper nutrients. ( Kuil 1 ) What hapless people get with cheaper nutrients is normally canned or frozen nutrient, cookies, and soda – â€Å" nutrient loaded with fat and Calories. † ( Hawn 92 ) . Poor people are less likely to buy fresh veggies, and fruits. This is because they are expensive and besides inconvenient for hapless people prepare home-meals. ( Kuil 1 ) A research worker, Nanci Hellmich, at USA Today has demonstrated that, â€Å" The Atkins diet would be about one hundred dollars a hebdomad if you make all the repasts at place, and the South Beach diet would be about 90 dollars a hebdomad. † ( Kuil 2-3 ) This is a batch of money for hapless people to pass on nutrient in which most probably can non afford it. Furthermore, debris nutrient is widespread among the hapless. ( Kuil 1 ) This is because it is easy to happen and besides really inexpensive. ( Kuil 1 ) Junk nutrient can be considered a bad diet nutrient excessively because of its â€Å" empty Calories. † ( Kuil 1 ) The â€Å" empty Calories † is the nutrients that contain high-calories with small other nutritionary values to your wellness. ( Kuil 1 ) This has a immense impact on their wellness refering their weight because they are more likely to over consume high-energy nutrient with its inexpensive monetary value and convenient. The Food Researcher and Action Center one time stated, In order to get by with limited money for nutrient and to stave off hungriness, households try to maximise thermal consumption for each dollar spent, which can take to over ingestion of Calories and a less healthful diet. ( Kuil 1 ) Since hapless teens have no pick to take a assortment of nutrient because of their limited household income, they are more likely than other category to devour unhealthy nutrients because of its inexpensive monetary value. Furthermore, teens ‘ physical activities with low income household are frequently limited. This is because their parents do non hold adequate money to offer their kid a gym or to fall in a athletics squad at school. ( Kuil 1 ) To fall in a athletics squad at school, it costs a great trade of money for the low income household. They have to purchase uniforms, athletics places and sometimes sport equipment. ( Kuil 1 ) With their limited money which even sometimes they have nil to eat, hapless teens are less likely to fall in and play athleticss. â€Å" The deficiency of physical activity combined with the hapless quality of nutrient leads to fleshiness. † ( Kuil 1 ) The ground why the unhealthy nutrients – sodium carbonate, cookies, debris nutrients – cost much less than veggies, fruits and meats is because of the subsidy plans designed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. ( Hawn ) The authorities spends a batch of money support on farming soya bean and maize doing it more plenty and cheaper than earlier. ( Hawn ) These subsidized soya bean and maize are distilled into â€Å" soybean oil and high fructose maize sirup, † two constituents usually found in high-calories nutrients such as soft drinks, cheeseburgers, murphy french friess and etc. ( Hawn ) With these authorities ‘s subsidy plans, the nutrients utilizing these soybean oil and maize sirup as a chief ingredient, go inexpensive. ( Hawn ) Dr. Adam Drewnoski at University of Washing concluded that the nutrient that uses subsidised harvests, such as Gallic fried, beefburgers and sodium carbonate, cost about five times less than the nutrient which is non subsidize d by authorities, such as Brassica oleracea italicas and fruit juices. ( Hawn 93 ) Siam Higher monetary value of nutrient around the universe and besides in Thailand affects a great trade on hapless people particularly among the husbandmans and labourers. ( Action for alteration 98 ) The higher monetary value of nutrient in Thailand has increased a batch during these few months both internally and externally. Among the goods, rice monetary value which is the chief beginning of nutrient in Thailand reaches the extremum. ( Action for alteration ) Besides, other monetary value, of nutrients such as porc, poulet, eggs have increased a great trade. ( Action for alteration ) This is due to the high monetary value of gas needed in transit the natural stuffs and the merchandises. ( Action for alteration ) Furthermore, the increasing monetary value of nutrients certainly affects on how hapless people purchase them. ( Action for alteration ) The hapless teens are scraggy and develop malfunction disease than fleshiness because without money or small money, many hapless kids in Tha iland have no money to purchase nutrient. ( Thai good wellness ) Unicef stated that kids and teens in Thailand who live in poorness are much likely to burden 4 times less than teens who live in better off households. ( The Thai News ) The kids and teens eat merely what their parents can buy or happen around them each twenty-four hours. ( Thai good wellness ) Some yearss, they merely have a spot of rice to eat without any meat or veggie. ( Thai good wellness ) With nutrient they can happen, they grill and boil meat, soft-boil veggies eaten with chili paste, alternatively of frying it assisting cut down fat in it. ( CDIR ) These sorts of nutrients contain low fat and Calories so it is healthy to eat. ( CDIR ) Still many people wonder that Thai curries are filled with coconut milk which contains much fat. Although curries contain batch of fat signifier coconut milk, herb in the curries can assist absorb much fat from coconut milk. ( Tonsurat 13 ) In decision, income degree does non needfully take to kids fleshiness in every state. It besides depends on many other factors such as the nature of each state ‘s regular nutrients, their citizens ‘ eating wonts, and besides the authoritiess ‘ actions. The Americans ‘ eating wont tends to prefer high-fat nutrient which provides a batch of energy for they live in cold clime. In contrary, Thais ‘ feeding wont is more concerned about wellness and herb plus that it is easier to turn and happen fresh veggies than to afford meat or even the cookery oil, the state of affairs is the other manner around in the United States. As mentioned earlier, the authoritiess sometimes have important influence on nutrient every bit good ; the U.S. authorities subsidizes high-calorie harvests which subsequently leads to high-calorie but inexpensive nutrients contrast with Thailand of which the authorities support the production of healthy nutrients like veggies and fruits plus the tropical clime is suited for turning them doing them low-cost, for instant illustration, the theory of sufficiency economic system introduced by our great King Rama 9th which promote every family to turn veggies by themselves for internal ingestion. The bottom line behind all of this can be summarized into one sentence which is â€Å" corpulent nutrients are inexpensive in the U.S. while expensive in Thailand and frailty versa for the utile nutrients. † How to cite The Cause Of Obesity Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Asian Values and Economic Development

Question: Write an essay about the "Asian Values and Economic Development". Answer: Introduction The author in this essay presents an argument that whether the concept of Asian values is useful for explaining the economic and political development in Asia. Asian values define the cultural unity of the countries that are in Asia. It is used to define the cultural, social, historical and economic elements of the countries that are common in nations of east and south East Asia. It is basically a political ideology that was developed in the year 1990. It basically explains the democratic framework of a country and the elements that unify the nations together. The main aim of the concept of Asian values is to explain the differences in the culture of the west and the east. The concept is very contradictory in nature as there are various opinions and comments that occupy the topic. There are many critics that have put forth their argument on the topic. It defines the rights that humans that have that is guided by the political and cultural background that people hold. Asian values are the principles that state the culture and history of Asian countries and the elements that unify them. The concept of Asian values is essential to understand the political development of nations though it is not that important to understand the economic development (Sowell 1998). Body Asian values There are various definitions of Asian values that are presented by various authors. The main aim of the Asian values was to create a pan Asian identity. It defines the elements of society, culture, history, politics that is common to nations of south East Asia and East Asia. Asian values use various principles and theories one of them being the principle of collectivism to explain commonalities that unifies people with same identity and culture for their economic and social good. The concept of Asian values was used to explain the rights that humans possess that differ due to differences in the cultural background of people. The concept of Asian values was developed by the prime minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew in the year 1959 to 1990. But the concept gained the popularity in the year 1997 after the Asian financial crisis. During the time of the financial crisis it became evident that Asia lacked the rational and logical thinking and institutional mechanism to deal with the cri sis. The concept of Asian value is greatly influenced by the Confucianism. It means showing loyalty towards the society and community and forgoing the personal freedom and working for the benefit of nation and society. Asian values and ethics explain the government structure of the Asian nations in particular which is different from the western culture. It emphasizes on personal freedom (Fukuyama 1998). The concept of Asian value is based on various assumptions that create a methodological problem for the theory. It defines the system in which the political, social and economic characteristics of nations depend that is identifiable and distinct in nature. It exceeds the national, religious and ideological differences of nations. The cultural differences have been one of the reasons for the economic growth of the country that led to the development of society and politics (Hefner 1998). Asian values include the following beliefs and values: It transcends towards single party rule rather than political pluralism that means diversity within a political group. Asian values give preferences to social unity and agreement as opposed to argument and disagreement. The Asian values is concerned with socio economic well being of a nation rather than civil freedom and rights of human. The main aim of the Asian value is to explain the welfare of the entire community over the rights of individual. It believes in expanding and improving the condition of the entire society instead of just an individual. Asian values also mean showing loyalty and respect towards the higher authority that includes parents teachers and government. Asian values prefer collectivism and communitarianism over individualism and liberalism. It also believes in authoritarian type of government structure as opposed to liberal democracy. This means that the nation is rule by the government who has certain responsibilities and privileges (Inglehart 1997). The main argument that the vales of the eastern nations differ from that of west in terms of culture as eastern Asian values is more about society and authoritarian government while western culture is more of individualism and personal freedom. Historically the concept of Asian value was not only applicable and popular to Asian countries but it also gained popularity in Peoples Republic of China, Singapore and Japan. In the western countries Asian values were used to understand the culture of Asian nations and to promote a closer relationship with the regions of Asia. Asian values were not used for the development of politics and economy mainly but for the development of culture of nations (Harrison 1985). Few critics attribute the economic success of east and Southeast Asian nations to Asian values in 1960s to 1980s. The Asian political system as explained by Asian values is different from that of totalitarianism and liberal democracy. The concept of Asian values could not maintain its popularity until in 2006 when the vice president of Indonesia linked the agreement of East Asian free trade and East Asian community with the Asian values. The main argument of Asian was cooperation over competition. At present the concept of Asian value is used in context of human rights (Fukuyama 1998). Asian values and economic development The studies of rice farming show that large scale agriculture affects the collectivist mindset of the ease Asians. The Asian values indicates that compared to wheat farming, rice farming is labor intensive techniques that requires cooperation and coordination of labor. Asian value is a persistent concept to explain economic development in East Asia remains a topic of argument today also. An Asian value a theory that includes Confucianism does not accept the theory of social change. But economic development means bring about change be it changes in technology or the thinking of the society. It includes social change and it is a necessary condition. Economic development is not a matter of change in culture or cultural development. It is not a matter of values but economic development means improvement in technology, labor productivity and efficiency. Economic development depends on the skills and knowledge that, managers posses for proper handling of organization and not culture and va lue (Harford 2006). The example of Chinas economic development proves that it depends on logical thinking and efficiency and not on values and culture. China was able to escape from poverty and economic stagnation through innovative economic philosophy and thinking by Deng Xiao Ping and not by archaic Confucianism. Economic development and growth only takes place when there is efficient administration, good policy and incorruptible leadership apart from the values of Confucianism that is explained by Asian values. According to the article presented in the economist Asian values did not explain the astonishing success of economy nor did it explain the economic failures. The Asian values that helped many economies in past attain economic success especially the East Asia is now being proven wrong. The pacific century helped create a global environment for nations. The values that have helped the Asians nations creates a structure for development in past is now being collapsed. The Asia n values are different from that of the values of west and is somewhat considered to be universal (Carruthers and Babb 2000). The Asian values do not accept change but when development takes place change is automatically backed by it. The theory of social change as described by Asian values is not compatible with the change that the development and growth of the economy brings. For the critics of Asian value change was nothing but the decay of society and economy. The use of Asian values has created a difference in development of South and North Korea. The economic development in Asian nations was achieved through learning and knowledge that the Asians possessed. The nations already have wide range of technologies and savings. Therefore it was essential for the nations to improve the leadership and apply leaders decision making for the development of the economy. It was essential for the firm to apply the policies to make the best use of technologies and savings for the economic development. Policies were essential to innovate the products in an economy and also provide profitable opportunities. The economi c development in east was in contrast with that in the west as the western economic development was more of a spontaneous process than faster one. If Asian values were based on the empirical test then it would not be applicable in India because the values in India are based on Hinduism and not Confucianism. Asian values will encourage development only when the traditional reforms are transformed to be similar with development. For development of the economy it is essential to change the ideology for the destruction of ideas. This will mean that the Asian values need to be destroyed or modified to apply modern change in the economy. The theory of Asian values assumes that all countries of East Asia share the same culture which is wrong in practicality (Nagle and Mohr 1999). Asian values and political development Asian values are a political ideology developed in the year 1990. It supports the authoritarian type of government rather than liberal government. Authoritarian type of government is a structure where the government is authoritarian rule that has certain rules and responsibilities for the nation and also enjoys certain benefit. The main aim of Asian value is to show that the nations in Asia share some common political development and structure. The cultures of nations are defined through modes of social and economic organization that also includes patterns of political relationships, participation, citizenship and government. The Asian values have been an essential indicator of economic and political development. The Asian values have helped the East Asians nations arrange its political and social structure. The values are based on traditional belief. The culture defined by the Asian value is declining as a determinant of international and domestic politics in the context of globaliz ing process (Mackie 1998). With the rise in globalization and competition the power of government is declining as the government is said to influence the economy in negative way. The success of any country depends on the policies and rules set by the government because it is essential to utilize the resources of the country wisely. The neo liberal theory is the main concern of the Asian values. The debate is said that the Asian values are inseparable from the qualitative and quantitative patterns of development and economic growth. Asian values are a reflection of Asian politics of East Asian countries and not the values and the beliefs. The new debate of Asian values gave rise to populism a new Asian politics rather than describing the democratic theory of nation. The main aim of the Asian value is to describe the authoritarian type of government. It describes the democratic organizational structure where the government that rules the nation is for the people, by the people and fro m the citizens. The main aim of the government is to improve the general well being of the society as a whole and not just one individual. It is nation where people respect the higher authorities and have some loyalty for the government (Jones 1997). Criticism of Asian values Asian values have said to be general in nature. Asian values is also said to surpass the human rights and the freedom of speech by individuals in society. The main criticism lies in the concept of perceived success of many Asian democratic societies such as Taiwan, Honk Kong and Japan and many other countries. The other criticism of Asian values is the values only supported the rich ethnic group of society among the diverse minorities of the nation. The other criticism is that Asian value is a general theory rather than a specialized one. It is believed that the Asian value is in contrary to the universality of human rights (Friedman 2006). Conclusion Hence it can be said that Asian values is the concept used to describe the development of economy and politics of the traditional Asian economies. But Asian values cannot be used in recent times because in the changes in tradition and culture. Economic development is more of development in the efficiency and productivity of the economy and it does not depend on culture of the nations. Asian values are a concept that depends on the political ideology. It unifies the nations of the Asian continent through culture of the economy. It describes the authoritarian type of government where the government has responsibility to be fulfilled and also enjoys some benefit. Hence Asian values are a useful concept to describe the economic development and political development but the popularity of the Asian value is declining currently due to the drawback that it has. The main aim of the Asian value is to describe the differences in the cultures of East Asian nations and western countries. The Asia n values are based on the belief of freedom, coordination and society. Its main aim is to increase the well being of the entire nation and society and is greatly against totalities and individualism. The main principle is the principle of Confucianism that unites the nations based on the diverse culture. References Carruthers, B. and Babb, S. 2000, Economic Development, in Economy/Society: Markets, Meanings, and Social Structure, Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, California. Ferguson, N. 2004, The Case for Liberal Empire, in Colossus: The Rise and Fall of the American Empire, Allen Lane, London. Friedman, T. L. 2006, The Virgin of Guadelupe, in The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first century, Penguin Books, New York. Fukuyama, F. 1998. Asian values and the Asian crisis, Commentary, 105: 2. Harford, T. 2006, Why Poor Countries Are Poor, in The Undercover Economist, Little Brown, New York. Harrison. L. 1985, What makes development happen?, in Underdevelopment is a State of Mind, University Press of America, Boston. Hefner, R.W. 1998, Introduction, in Market Cultures: Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalisms, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Inglehart, R. 1990, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Inglehart, R. 1997, Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, Princeton University Press. Inglehart, R. 1999, Postmodernization Erodes Respect for Authority, but Increases Support for Democracy, in Norris, P., Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Inglehart, R. and Caballo, M. 2000, Does Latin America Exist? (And Is There a Confucian Culture?): A Global Analysis of Cross-Cultural Differences, in Crothers, L. and Lockhart, C. (eds.) Culture and Politics: A Reader, St. Martins Press, New York. Jones, D.M. 1997, Political Culture and Political Development in Pacific Asia: The Evolution of the Developmental State, in Political Development in Pacific Asia, Polity Press, Cambridge. Landes, D. 1999, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, Abacus, London. Mackie, J. 1998, Business Success Among Southeast Asian Chinese, in Hefner, R.W. (ed.) Market Cultures: Society and Morality in the New Asian Capitalisms, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Nagle, J.D. and Mohr, A. 1999, Economics First, Then (Maybe) Politics: the Challenge of the East Asian Model, in Democracy and Democratization: Post-Communist Europe in Comparative Perspective, Sage, London. Sachs, J. 2005, The End of Poverty: How We Can Make It Happen in Our Lifetime, Penguin, London. Sandall, R. 2001, Why Cultures Succeed or Fail, in The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and other Essays, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. Sowell, T. 1998, An Overview, in Conquests and Cultures: An International History, Basic Books, New York.